Ookpik Quiz - 2020

1. PLANNING 

1. What is Progressive Failure____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________                   
2. The best way to mitigate progressive failure is to recognize  _________________.
3. A Scouting leadership principle which is useful to mitigate progressive failure decision-making is __________________________________________________.
4. Give an example of multiple failures that could progress to a disaster.  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. List categories of issues which should be considered when planning a snow campout 

Objective
	Option B, Option C, Option D

6. List at least 5 sources for obtaining information on weather and mountain conditions. 

7. What are some of the weather conditions that should be a “red flag” to postponing or relocating your snow camp?

1. It is 9:30 p.m. Friday before a scheduled 6:30 a.m. Saturday departure for your Troop’s annual snow camp extravaganza.  You check the road conditions and learn the road over the pass you expect to travel tomorrow has been closed due to avalanche risk, but is expected to reopen at 8 a.m. tomorrow.  The weather forecast calls for a 40% chance of snow flurries tomorrow morning at that elevation. You should:
   a)  Postpone the trip.  The chances of the road being safe are too remote to proceed.
   b)  Go to bed, but check the conditions early – before leaving – being prepared to pull the plug if conditions don’t improve.
   c)  Proceed with the trip but be prepared to go to your back-up site that doesn’t require traversing the pass.
   d)  both (b) and (c). 

2. MEDICAL 

1. The number one medical emergency in cold weather is ________________.
2. Wet clothes (e.g. from immersion) can cause heat lost up to _______ times faster than with dry clothes.
3. Complete the following chart:

Hypothermia Classification	Signs/Symptoms	Treatment
Mild
Moderate
Severe

4. List some of the ways that hypothermia can be prevented ________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why is exposure to cold, acting as a diuretic effect, important for and adult leader to understand?______________________________________________________________________
6. Water in the body which is lost must be replaced. On a winter mountaineering trip this can mean a daily total of up to:

• 1 cup of water
• 1 pint of water
• 1 quart of water
• 1 gallon of water

7. The thirst mechanism is a reliable indicator in cold environments.  T or F
8. Complete the chart below

Dehydration Classification	Signs/Symptoms
Mild
Moderate
Severe

9. The best indicator of  dehydration is ________________________________.

10. List five non-cold related injuries or medical emergencies the scout leader should be ready for during a cold weather outing:
    
    _________________________
    
    _________________________
    
    __________________________
11. What are signs/symptoms of Altitude Mountain Sickness: __________________________________________________________________________
12. How do you resolve AMS? __________________________________________________________
13. The treatment for snow blindness is to _______________and ______________.
14. Cold weather effects the “thirst mechanism” of the body and is not a dependable indicator of body water needs.                                    T or F
15. How is frost nip treated _______________________________
16. The treatment for frostbite:
    
    ___________________________________________________
    
    ___________________________________________________
    
    ___________________________________________________
17. A victim’s severe frostbitten extremity should be field re-warmed?  Yes/No
1. Why_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. NUTRITION 

1. The parasite “Giardia lambia” can exist in water _______ degrees above freezing.
2. Name three ways to keep water bottles from freezing at night.
   
   _______________________________________
   
   _______________________________________
   
   _______________________________________
3. When camping in the cold, liquid jello is better than a salty drink because it adds _______________________ and ______________________ to the body.
4. The largest source of metabolic energy is ____________. The best fuel supply for that source comes from ______________________. This should constitute________ percent of the caloric intake for high-energy requirement events, such as winter camping. Examples of food sources are:
5. The average number of calories for cold environments is ____________. This is approximately ___________________ times the average daily amount.
6. Why does increasing water intake help increase body temperature?
7. Boiling water before consumption is necessary to safeguard the drinker. The time the water needs to be boiled for drinking is:

• 1 minute
• 2 minutes
• 5 minutes
• Just when it boils

8. During cold weather camping it is permissible to use a stove to cook food in a tent or in a snow shelter.                                    T or F
9. Caffeinated drinks, such as coffee and non-herbal tea provide valued liquid replenishment.

4. SHELTERS 

1. Complete the following table:

Shelter Name	Construction/Assembly  Time (manhours)	Typical Occupancy	Approximate Inside Temp (assume ambient temp is 15 deg F)
Hup Special
B Quinzee
C. Igloo
D. Snow Trench w/tarp roof
E. Snow Cave
F. Tent, Four Season
Emergency

2. Snow shelters have specific advantages over a tent.  List three:
   ______________________________
   
   ______________________________
   
   ______________________________
3. The opening of a snow shelter should face ________________ to the predominate wind direction.
4. Air vents are needed in any shelter for what reason?_____________________________________
5. Two characteristics of any snow shelter increasing sleeping comfort area:_______________________ on which to sleep and a ____________________ sump.
6. If using a tent in a potentially stormy winter environment, you should improve the tent’s performance by: _____________________
7. What is the purpose of a door plug?  What could act as a door plug?
   ___________________________________________________________________
   ___________________________________________________________________
8. Name four common flaws in snow caves or quinzees.  Describe how to avoid these during construction.

Pitfall	Remedy
Drips
Poor Air Circulation
Roof too thin and susceptible to collapse
Cold goes to back of cave.

9. What key elements of clothing should the Scouts wear when building snow shelters?  ______________
10. You are going snow camping with a Troop of relatively inexperienced Scouts.  The plan is for each Scout to sleep in his own snow shelter. What should you, as an adult leader, build in to your plan to ensure the boys are safe during the night.
    
    _________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. GEAR 

1. Why is cotton unacceptable for snow camping?  Provide three reasons:
   
   
   
   

11. Clothing should be worn in layers when exposed to the cold.  At least _________layers are necessary to insulate from the cold.  The ___________ layer is next to the skin and draws the moisture away.  Next comes the ______________ layer which helps the body retain its heat.  The ________________ layer is designed to keep wind and water out.
12. If your feet get cold while in your sleeping bag, you should:

_________________Put on another pair of socks.

_________________Put a blanket over the top of your sleeping bag.

_________________Put a cap on your head.

_________________Put clothing in the end of the sleeping bag for insulation.

13. Why is an open cell pad a poor choice for insulation? 
14. Describe the layers involved in a sleep system and the function of each layer to be used in a snow cave:

Layer	Function
(closest to snow) Waterproof tarp
insulating, closed cell pad
(alt) insulating pad (mylar lined, duct insulation available at hardware store) – additional insulation.
Sleeping bag.

15. The two different insulation categories for materials in a sleeping bag and their advantages/disadvantages include:

Material	Advantages	Disadvantages
A.
B.

16. A good sleeping bag is a necessity for cold weather camping because the human body will drop between __________ and ____________ degrees F during sleep.
17. A sleeping bag can be comfortably used in temperatures lower than it was rated for by the manufacturer by using a ____________________________ or a ______________________.
18. The “Ten Essentials” carried in a survival kit are:

Ten Essentials
1	2
3	4
5	6
7	8
9	10

19. What percentage of the body’s heat is lost through radiant energy?  _______%.  

20. What six mechanisms cause body heat loss?  What are their prevention?

Heat Loss Mechanism	Prevention
1
2
3
4
5
6.  Elimination & urination	No prevention due to this loss

21. _____________________ are the preferred method of staking structures when in snow or sand.
22. Why does down lose its insulating value when wet?____________________________
23. When and where are the best time to perform and equipment check-in for units? ___________________________________________________________________
24. A standard 20 oz “MSR Style” fuel bottle will supply a stove with enough white gas fuel to last
    
    ____________people for _________________ days.
25. _______________________fueled stoves provide the most output and are the most dependable stoves.
26. Butane stoves are not recommended for snow camping because the butane does not vaporize below _______________degrees Fahrenheit.  Further, butane canisters lose heat while in use and can freeze solid in temperatures as warm as ___________________________.
27. T  or F    You are out of water and you desire more.  You establish camp at 6,500' and pull out the white gas stove. Looking about for the cleanest snow around, you fill your black-painted pan bottom full, light the stove, use the wind shield and place a lid on the pot.  You will be enjoying a hot drink in about ten-fifteen minutes.

6. NAVIGATION 

1. Using the techniques of _____________________ or ___________________ a group can proceed during adverse visibility.
2. You are hiking in the snow with a group of 10 scouts and two adults, pulling sleds through an area of mixed forest and open meadows about 1 ½ miles from your cars.  The weather changes and you begin to experience a blizzard and white-out conditions. Your SPL says you should proceed to the intended camp site – about ½ mile away.  Your second adult leader says you should return to the cars; he is confident that he can retrace the path remembering a couple of key landmarks. Your scouts are able, warm and dry (at the moment!)  What should you do? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. While on your summertime 50 miler, you identify an ideal valley for a winter day hike.  It is absolutely beautiful in July…
   
   and only 1 ½ miles from a parking area that is routinely plowed.  What are some differences you should be aware of in approaching, navigating and crossing his valley in February?
   
   _________________________________
   
   _________________________________
   
   _________________________________
4. Your 50 miler crew averaged eight to 10 miles per day at elevation with full packs last summer.  How far should this experienced crew expect to go in a reasonable winter day hike while pulling sleds and with a full pack on snowshoes?
   
   ___________________________________

7. WINTER TRAVEL 

1. Vehicle transportation in cold weather requires preparation in four different areas. What would you look for and provide preventive measures:

Engine
Drivetrain
Visibility
Electrical Supply

2. Name some precautions one should take during tire chain installation:
   _______________________________
   
   _______________________________
   
   _______________________________
3. Sources of road information were discussed in planning.  What specific road and weather information should you take from these sources?:

_______________________________


_______________________________

4. In winter driving conditions, after driving to your site and parking, you (circle one)      should    should not   set your parking brake when parking for the night. Why?  
   
   ___________________________________________________________
5. You get to your location and it is snowing a bit.  What can you do to your windshield to make it easier when leaving in the morning?
   
   ____________________________________________________________
6. Driving up the pass, you notice some slipping due to ice on an otherwise snow-free road.  You should:
   a)  Slow down a bit.  After all, it’s only a couple of patches.
   b)  Stop and install your chains.
   c)  Turn back.
   c)  Be prepared to turn “against” the direction of a skid should you have to brake.
7. You are stuck in a traffic back-up returning from snow camping.  (Someone else didn’t drive safely and is being pulled out of a ditch!)  It is 25 deg. F outside and you are experiencing a slight snow flurry. You don’t know how long this will continue.  Your Scouts are a bit cold and damp. They ask you to run the engine and heater while stopped to help keep them warm.  Name two risks which come into play in this situation.
   
   ___________________________
   
   ___________________________
   What can you do to mitigate these risks?
   
   ___________________________
   
   Name some supplies which should be carried in your vehicle while traveling on winter roads to and from a snow camp outing:
   
   __________________________
   
   __________________________
   
   ___________________________
   
   ___________________________
   
   ___________________________

8. EXTRA CREDIT

A party of three Scouters have been comfortable camped deep in the winter wilderness.  The ground is covered with snow, and the temperature is below freezing. In the morning, they leave in separate directions, planning to rendezvous in camp for lunch.  Only two return. They all wear wool pants, shirts and hats and down outer layers. After a respectable wait, they follow the third’s tracks to the end of a log crossing of a moderate stream.  After going downstream for thirty minutes, the campers find their companion on the streamside. He is wet and one foot remains in the water. His hat is gone and down is open. He responds slightly to the presence of their presence.  He is lying face down and does not move when they approach.

A.  What is the diagnosis?

B.  What is the treatment?

C.  Do you transport the victim?